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Abstract
This study critically examines the category of “race” in Article 1.1 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). It argues that by treating race as a substantive, *a priori* condition, the legal text reproduces the very colonial logic it seeks to transcend, while simultaneously rendering historical processes of racialization invisible. Drawing on Critical Race Theory and Latin American decolonial perspectives, the study demonstrates how the formal neutrality of international law perpetuates an implicit “racial contract,” thereby entrenching structural inequalities. It also highlights the political resistance currently hindering the incorporation of a more critical view of racialization into the regional legal system. The study concludes that addressing racism in Latin America requires shifting the focus from the category of “race” to the processes of racialization, thereby reconfiguring the philosophical and legal foundations of human rights.
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