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Abstract
Human rights have positioned themselves as a recurrent element in socio-legal studies, this is because their origin, and subsequent expansion, coincides with a historical period characterized by multiple conflicts, in which power structures were subjected to drastic changes. In its beginnings, human rights were conceived as a pillar of the new security architecture. However, their effectiveness is conditional on the strength of international institutions and their capacity for civilizational adaptation. This is where humanist international precepts are put to the test, mainly by political-civilizational criticisms of their suitability as instruments of global security, as well as their compatibility with the civilizational pluralism of the international community. The above allows us to contextualize the general purpose of this text, which is to analyze the discussion between two antagonistic ideological-law models (universalism and relativism) (with opposing perspectives on the foundation, content and scope of human rights) from the clash of civilizations. Consequently, the problem of this research lies in the historical development of the discussion between both visions, from the Universal Declaration to the international present. By congruence, as it is a basic and qualitative research, the methodology is historical-analytical, resorting to two methods during its development, descriptive and historical-analytical. The research techniques are of an indirect documentary type, consisting of the literary production (books and articles) of frontier authors. Concerning the findings, the most relevant is the identification of stages of the international humanitarian discourse, highlighting two: first, the drafting of the Declaration where it was intended to harmonize civilizational elements with human rights, after which we can conclude that these do not arise as a civilizational imposition; second, the rise of international liberalism as a humanitarian discourse, this is where the hegemonic universalism that criticizes relativism emerges.
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