ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA, TECNOLÓGICA O INNOVACIÓN Criminology and Ontological Trends of the Russian-Ukrainian War in the Context of Globalization Processes: Human Rights Protection and Law Enforcement Concepts Criminología y tendencias ontológicas de la guerra ruso-ucraniana en el contexto de los procesos de globalización: conceptos de protección de los derechos humanos y cumplimiento de la ley

Código: 1390049536 • Autor: iStock

10.14718/NovumJus.2023.17.1.8

Vitalii Sokurenko^*
Odessa State University of Internal Affairs (Odessa, Ukraine)

^* Ph.D. in Law, Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology of the Faculty of Training Specialists for Pre-trial Investigation, Odessa State University of Internal Affairs.
0000-0001-6879-7376.
1313sakur@gmail.com

How to cite this article [Chicago]: Sokurenko, Vitalii. "Criminology and Ontological Trends of the Russian-Ukrainian War in the Context of Globalization Processes: Human Rights Protection and Law Enforcement Concepts." Novum Jus 17, no. 1 (2023): 187-204. https://doi.org/10.14718/NovumJus.2023.17.1.8

Abstract

War is inevitable and its consequences devastating. When war is persistent, becomes criminal, and affects society in many ways, like in the loss of human lives, violating the fundamental human right to life. This article examines related issues in the Russian-Ukrainian war from a criminological point of view in the context of the modern threats from the globalization processes and a total change (reconstruction) of the situation in the world. The objective of the law is to ensure that laws related to war should be enforced and respected by everyone engaged in it, be the military or other persons. Special attention is paid to law enforcement and human rights protection, as well as to the implementation of power-management relations based on professionalism and high moral foundations, based on the best traditions of the spirituality of the Ukrainian people. An interdisciplinary method of scientific research was applied to examine the relationship between military criminology and criminotheology and the need to involve clergymen, chaplains in raising morale and daily prayers for the personnel and the people in general. Hence, the character of the criminal (psychological portrait) can be significantly transformed by combining science and religion. It is extremely important to confront internal and external threats in the defense of national interests.

Keywords: Criminalising, ontological trend, Russian-Ukrainian war, globalization, human rights enforcement

Resumen

La guerra es inevitable y sus consecuencias devastadoras. Cuando la guerra persiste, se vuelve criminal y afecta a la sociedad de muchas maneras, como en la pérdida de vidas, violando el derecho fundamental a la vida. Este artículo examina las temáticas relacionadas de la guerra ruso-ucraniana desde un punto de vista criminológico en el contexto de las amenazas generadas por los procesos de globalización y un cambio total (reconstrucción) en la situación del mundo. El objetivo del derecho es garantizar que las leyes relacionadas con la guerra se cumplan y se respeten por parte de todos los involucrados, sean militares o no. Se presta especial atención al cumplimiento de la ley y a la protección de los derechos humanos, así como a la implementación de relaciones de manejo del poder basadas en el profesionalismo y elevadas bases morales, ancladas en las mejores tradiciones de la espiritualidad del pueblo ucraniano. Se utilizó un método científico interdisciplinario para examinar la relación entre la criminología militar y la criminoteología y la necesidad de involucrar al clero y a los capellanes en la tarea de elevar la moral y dirigir oraciones diarias por el personal y la población. Así, el carácter del criminal (el retrato psicológico) puede transformarse significativamente combinando ciencia y religión. Es extremadamente importante confrontar las amenazas internas y externas en la defensa de los intereses nacionales.

Palabras clave: Criminalización, tendencia ontológica, guerra ruso-ucraniana, globalización, cumplimiento de los derechos humanos.

Introduction

The whole trouble or happiness of criminology is that it is the only science of its kind, among the multiplicity of legal disciplines, which tries the most to discover, to tell the truth in the pursuit of the truth in the conditions of the current globalization processes, something not always liked by many. Indeed, a bitter truth is better than a sincere lie. Then, there is an opportunity for improvement, when the diagnosis is correctly determined, as well as the priorities to fight the disease. The greatest victory comes when you feel your weakness and, as a result of piety, you will be able to get up from your knees and go with new strength to victories and achievements of what you want, what you have planned...

— Vitalii Sokurenko

Today, it is often said that the "terrorist state", the Russian Federation, destroys the critical infrastructure of the Ukrainian state, causing devastating damage to the population. The events of the coming winter period, when thermal power plants and infrastructure may be undermined, are unpredictable. There are also massive arsons of grain crops both in our territories and in many countries (recent fires in Turkey should be mentioned) and, as we can see, the world is increasingly talking about global hunger. These questions are the most topical and urgent today and require an immediate answer to find ways out of the social crisis and the war.

The Kharkiv School of Criminology firmly holds leading positions in the scientific world. Every year, many relevant scientific works are published addressing critical issues in legal science. Among these works is the monograph authored by S. O. Kozhushko "Combating Crime in the Defense. An Industrial Complex of Ukraine" edited by the Doctor of Legal Sciences, professor O. M. Lytvynov¹, which draws attention to the psychological portrait of the criminal. Scientist have noted that the person of a criminal, which is characterized by a very high heuristic potential, is one of the most complex objects of criminological knowledge, because, as is known, the root causes of criminal activity always have a purely individual, personal character. Personality is the substance that saturates the content of the concept "person of the

criminal". And although these categories are usually contrasted to some extent with an emphasis on the one-time in criminology, the random character of the criminal and the essence of the criminal's personality distorted by criminal activity, that is, the personality as is changed by crimes, the authors proceed from a complimentary attitude to these phenomena, their corresponding concepts, that is, they combine different levels of the same phenomenon, namely, the person who commits a criminal offense. The person as an individual, separated from the social mass (while preserving one or another depth of its projection), appears as the primary level of objectification of the criminal, while personality is a secondary and deeper level. Such an approach, which allows a pluralism of levels in the organization of the person, the individual, requires, at the same time, maintaining a holistic perception of it, which requires abandoning both the out-of-contextuality of the analysis of persons who commit criminal offenses and the authorization of the investigated features². The very topic of monographic research sets us up for thinking in this direction. A person, an individual, a citizen, a personality... how often we meet and hear similar words, seemingly identical in meaning, but in reality different in meaning and in their essential, semantic load. They all have their meaning or, rather, a different status, which the "reasonable man" as a biosocial being was able or will be able to acquire during their entire life. Undoubtedly, the highest of such levels of perfection is a person with the title of "luminary of medicine, jurisprudence".

The main goal of this scientific research is the theoretical analysis of the main criminological trends of the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation through the prism of the world globalization processes. The essence of every research is to ensure that it answers a particular problem. Even though the state of Ukraine has made efforts to ensure that the war between Ukraine and Russia is perceived as a global process, this is still not the case as there continue to be an increase in atrocities and crimes which defeat the rationale behind the criminal law system. It was the responsibility of those involved in the said war to maintain the essence of the criminal science. But it has been rather a question of hallucinations.

Methodology

The methodology is a complex mixture of general and special scientific methods, which take into account the interdisciplinary status of the criminological science. In addition, the historical method was used to identify the essential features of many historical and present processes and phenomena. The interdisciplinary section helped to sift through the sieve of the criminological matrix most of the modern globalization processes and phenomena in terms of the conscious and essential impoverishment of human relations, which is a manifestation of the anomie of current social life in terms of authenticity, truth, and sincerity. The teleological approach helped to look at the problem comprehensively and to offer appropriate ways to solve it. All these methods are necessary, but the analysis of the human rights situation is the most important aspect. We are not saying that war can be avoided, but analysing the effects of this war in terms of human rights and abuses. The law is peculiar as it provides that all those involved in a war, be it the military or others, should respect the human rights principles and standards, and the Russian-Ukrainian war is not an exception.

Results and Discussion

The problem of the effective protection of the aggrieved person's rights has always existed. But as historical events testify, the Second World War radically changed the views on the guarantees of world peace, because humanity understood the true value of human rights and freedoms, which led to a fundamental update of the legal mechanism for their protection. Thereafter, the protection of human rights is not a purely internal competence of states and has gained international significance, embodied in the idea of creating a new international law and order based on the respect for fundamental rights and freedoms.³

Depletion of Raw Material Reserves on the Planet Earth and Global Cataclysms of the Present Day

A major global food disaster is looming. On May 19, 2022, The Economist published an article on the topic of global mass starvation, which will be provoked by Russia's war with Ukraine. The article describes the possible consequences of a full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, one of which will likely be a world food crisis. For example, the article specifies that "Russia and Ukraine supply 28% of the world's wheat, 29% of barley, 15% of corn, and 75% of sunflower oil. Russia and Ukraine contribute about half of the grain imported by Lebanon and Tunisia; for Libya and Egypt, this figure is two-thirds. Ukrainian food exports provide the calories to feed 400 million people. The war is interrupting these supplies because Ukraine has mined its waters to deter the attack, and Russia is blocking Odesa's port." The UN Secretary emphasized that "if, as it is likely, the war drags on and supplies from Russia and Ukraine are limited, hundreds of millions more people could fall into poverty. Political unrest will spread, children will be stunted, and people will starve." Even before the invasion, the World Food Program had warned that 2022 would be a terrible year. China, the world's largest wheat supplier, said last year's rains could make the wheat harvest the worst on record. Climatic problems are observed all over the world, which will also have a very negative effect on the harvest⁴. As we can see, possibly a great famine is coming.

Also, water is a strategically important product in the conditions of martial law. According to the military experts of the armies of NATO countries, it is one of the most important logistics products for the support of military operations. Water is needed for hydration, cooking, medication, hygiene, construction, special processing, maintenance, and many additional tasks. But with the development of world industry, the increasing urbanization of territories, and the armed conflicts, there has been a more intensive pollution of surface and groundwater. The presence of domestic and industrial wastewater in water sources is especially dangerous, creating an epidemic danger. With limited access to water, there is always a danger to human health caused by its consumption from untested sources. In combat conditions, there can be no certainty that the available water is suitable for consumption. This is especially important if the enemy uses weapons of mass destruction. Therefore, the water must always be purified. Its cleaning is carried out at water supply points. Water supply points are equipped by engineering troops and the representatives of the medical service. Cleaning systems remove suspended solids, microbiological contaminants, and unwanted chemicals from raw water. Water treatment involves the purification of water from the raw source, as well as degassing and disinfecting (decontamining) the purified water to achieve the established standards. This is a very important and complex task, and the health of the serviceman and the combat effectiveness of the unit depend on its performance⁵.

These and many other problems will have to be solved by Ukraine and its law enforcement agencies. It should also be noticed that law enforcement functions are closely interconnected with other important functions of the state (defense and protection), which rely on the Armed Forces of Ukraine. For this reason it is necessary to study them to achieve the implementation of the law enforcement function of the state⁶.

Thus, a mandatory condition for the effective functioning and the high-quality performance of the tasks and functions assigned by law to the Military, is the compliance with the law by its officials. Also, ensuring the rights and freedoms of servicemen is a clear normative and legal regulation of this activity. After all, the specificity of the Military Law and Order Service work is that it encompasses a set of quite different spheres of social relations, and this requires high professionalism, dedication, responsibility, and understanding of the significance of the tasks being performed by its officials. Ensuring the defense and security of the country has always been one of the most important functions of the state. It is characterized by the ability to effectively resist any external and internal threats to its national security and create favorable conditions for the protection of the national interests. It can be argued that the functions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (defense and protection) are the functions of the state, since the main purpose of their work is the practical implementation of the functions of the state, solving tasks related to the armed protection of the independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine from external threats based on the principles enshrined in the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. In general, the Armed Forces of Ukraine are a mechanism for achieving goals, performing functions, and fulfilling the tasks of the state. The juxtaposition of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the law enforcement agencies in the form of the Military Law and Order Service makes it possible to assert their commonality, that is, they are the agents of national security: a person and a citizen—their constitutional rights and freedoms; the state—its constitutional order, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and inviolability. At the same time, the fundamental difference between them is that the Armed Forces of Ukraine protect the citizens from external threats, and the law enforcement agencies protect them from internal encroachments. However, the main purpose of the Military Law and Order Service is to ensure the constitutional rights of servicemen and the rule of law in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which is an important component of their combat readiness and capability. Therefore, law enforcement functions are closely interconnected with other important functions of the state (defense and protection), which primarily rely on law enforcement agencies (Military Law and Order Service), as well as to a certain extent on the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In any case, further comprehensive research is necessary on this subject. Taking into account the above and to increase the efficiency of the Military Law and Order Service and eliminate duplication in the work of law enforcement agencies, it's appropriate to define more clearly the legal status and guidelines of the Military Law and Order Service. For this purpose, the author proposes to make the following changes to the Law of Ukraine "On the Military Service of Law and Order in the Armed Forces of Ukraine" (2002): 1) rename it as Military Law and Order Service of Ukraine (Military Police) and remove it from the Armed Forces of Ukraine; 2) subordinate it to the President of Ukraine (through the Minister of Defense of Ukraine); 3) change the status of the Military Law and Order Service to a "special state law enforcement agency", to improve its competence; 4) extend its powers to other military formations of the state⁷.

Law Enforcement, Human Rights Protection, and Preventive Functions and their Importance in the Current Conditions

In a general sense, the law enforcement function directs the legal influence to protect the society and suppresses the relations harmful to it. The protective influence of the law is expressed in the prohibitions against the commission of illegal acts, in the establishment of legal sanctions for the commission of such acts, and in the direct application of legal sanctions to persons who have committed offenses⁸.

M. I. Melnyk and M. I. Khavroniuk divide law enforcement functions into: 1) the main ones, which are directly related to the fight against crime and other offenses, and entail legal responsibilities: preventive; protective (protection of life, health, rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of individuals); security (protection of public order, public safety and property); resocialization (this function is most characteristic of penal institutions, bodies and services for juvenile affairs, services that carry out administrative supervision of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty); operational search; investigation of crimes; judicial proceedings; consideration of cases on administrative offenses; execution of judgments, decisions, court decisions and orders; resolutions of inquiry and pre-trial investigation bodies and prosecutors; 2) the secondary (auxiliary), which include: control and supervision; permissive; analytical; informative; normative; coordination⁹.

It is worth noting that regional state administrations, as entities in charge of ensuring legality and law and order in the region, perform almost all the law enforcement functions indicated by Melnyk and Khavroniuk. Therefore, it can be said with confidence that they, as entities in charge of ensuring legality and law and order in the region, play an extremely important role in protecting the legal rights and interests of citizens. It should be noted that usually, in the legal literature, the human rights function is equated with the law enforcement function, which, in our opinion, is incorrect. This is primarily explained by the meaning of the concepts "protection" and "defense". "Protection" involves the creation of all necessary conditions to prevent situations where law and order in the region may be threatened. In turn, the defense provides the opportunity for citizens to restore their violated rights. And therefore, the human rights function of the regional state administration as the entity in charge of ensuring legality and law and order in the region assumes that the regional state administration can restore the violated right of citizens, for example, by considering a case of administrative offenses¹⁰. The preventive function is designed to ensure the formation of motives in the addressees of the law, which encourages them to comply with the laws and respect the rights and legitimate interests of other persons¹¹. Also, its implementation will reduce the level of crime in the region and the number of offenses. It is implemented through outreach work with the population (at enterprises, organizations, schools, universities, etc.), work with disadvantaged families, and more¹².

The National Guard of Ukraine and its Role Under Martial Law

The National Guard of Ukraine (NGU)¹³ performs various official and combat tasks. Their implementation is complicated in conditions of social and political disturbances. An important function performed by the military management body of the National Guard of Ukraine in these conditions is the decision to perform combat service tasks during operational and special actions (special operations)¹⁴.

The experience of carrying out tasks in the East of Ukraine showed that in modern conditions it is necessary to consider socio-political factors during the planning and conduct of military operations. For the effective operation of the NGU, it's necessary a legal basis and a mechanism for the interaction of the military leadership at all levels with the state authorities and the civil sector, which will create favorable conditions for the performance of tasks, including the prevention of humanitarian catastrophes in areas of armed conflict, and a positive influence on the formation of public opinion regarding the activity of NSU. To prevent the creation of prerequisites for a humanitarian disaster in the areas of the performance of official and combat tasks (conducting a special operation), it is necessary to avoid the emergence of social tensions in other territories of Ukraine, to foster the formation of positive public opinion regarding the activities of the military, to introduce a legal regime of martial law or a state of emergency in operations to maintain peace and security, and the liquidation of the consequences of emergencies. For this the senior military leadership decided to introduce a system of civil and military cooperation in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the National Guard of Ukraine¹⁵.

Trends of Military States in Today's Conditions

In the context of the military intervention, it is necessary to better understand the human consequences of armed (military) conflict. The impact of the traumatic events of the war can lead to a decrease in the quality of life of the population for many years, even after the end of the actual combat events. Understanding the mechanisms of the risk factors influence can contribute to the development of more effective intervention strategies in post-war conditions. The main task on this path is to analyze the impact of the foreign military interventions that took place in the past on the short and long-term quality of life of the population directly affected by the war. In general, war affects the self-esteem, the physical abilities, and the emotional and mental health of the entire population involved in the military conflict. Among the predictors of reduced quality of life are young age and age over 55, low level of education and income, loss of family relationships, presence of mental disorders, and the duration of the military conflict. Among people who have experienced war or another conflict in the previous 10 years, one in five (22%) will suffer from depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia. Low quality of life in people with post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with symptoms of hyperarousal. Forced resettlement affects the quality of life at a later age and in the distant future. Internally displaced persons have the lowest quality of life. In both democratic and non-democratic countries, foreign military interventions reduce the physical quality of life to 20% of its pre-intervention level. In general, in conditions of war, there is a need for constant attention of society not only to health care needs, but also to welfare, housing, employment, and general quality of life to support the physical, mental, and social health of both refugees and non-refugees in short and long-term dimensions¹⁶.

Information and Scientific and Technical Support of Military Affairs

In this context, O. H. Sayenko notes that the scientific and technical progress, especially in the field of information technologies, significantly affect the development of economic, social, military, cultural, and other spheres of society. At the same time, information technologies are both sources of development and sources of threats to such development and to the activity of society in general. National security is a complex multi-level functional system in which the interactions and conflicts between the interests of the state, the society, and the individual are continuously taking place, along with internal and external threats to them. The degree of protection of these interests against threats acts as a target function of this system. To organize the protection of the information space of the state, it is necessary to develop ways of countering informational aggression by certain entities: external aggressors, foreign special services, transnational companies, criminal clans, and more. This article considers the actual problem of managing organizational components of the military in conditions of information struggle and implementation of mechanisms of institutional management of these components. The achievements of the theory of organizational management and the structural system analysis make it possible to move from the level of declarations of information security and the intentions of military and defense facilities to the practical level of developing mechanisms for the functioning of the organizational components of military management bodies, as well as the implementation of the information security management system¹⁷.

A Paradigmatic Approach to the Further Development of Military Criminology

Since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, new vectors of the development of the modern legal paradigm have been observed: the liberal doctrine, which played such a significant role in the humanistic orientations of the states, needs a considerable adjustment today to include a new approach to the concept of "national security"; the need to significantly adjust the paradigm and consider ensuring the national security of the state, not only as protection against threats, but also as social relations regulated by law, reflecting the state and development of national security objects; the direction of the modern legal paradigm should include the optimization of the structure of national security bodies by reforming the structural links of these bodies in accordance with a clear definition of the tasks and functions of all bodies and their structural subdivisions; the elimination of duplication and parallelism in the activities of separate bodies, as well as the involvement of employees in the performance of functions not inherent to them; the determination of the optimal and justified staffing of services and divisions of each body; the- protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies; it is necessary to move from the practice of situational response to unexpected threats and dangers to a comprehensive, long-term and science-based state policy in the field of national security with maximum use of prognostic assessments; the paradigm of modern legal life should be aimed at reviewing the structure, role, and place of international entities in the system of ensuring national security, which, although by their nature had this purpose, in practice proved unable to guarantee it¹⁸.

Research Results and Discussion

There is an urgent question of seeing the prospects of scientific research by determining the main directions and priorities of national development in the field of security and peacekeeping activities. It is about the creation of new military and political alliances with the countries that have most helped in the modern resistance to Russian aggression, both in Europe and on other continents. In this spectrum, constant monitoring of the defense of national interests in a wide variety of industries and spheres of public life with the prospect of developing appropriate measures to build a new system of regional, national and global security deserves special attention. Ukraine today is at the epicenter of world globalization processes and events, and in many respects determines the policy course of primarily European and other states, the global economic crisis has gotten worse, accompanied by a decrease in the resources of the planet, primarily a lack of and dependence on the oil production sector, which is located on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the apocalyptic events of the famine, flooding, and other processes caused by global warming. Major transformational changes are underway, and it is possible that shortly we will no longer be able to see the world that we inherited from the roots of the family tree.

Conclusions

The war, which has already started, can create world hunger when the entire spectrum of the world changes as a result of the redistribution of resources. Thus, as a result of global warming and many emergencies, serious cataclysms have begun. Water is rapidly running out on a planetary scale (freshwater lakes are going under water due to the pumping of relevant natural resources from the depths of the earth, especially shale gas), which will have serious global upheavals as a consequence. There is also a catastrophic decrease in surface water, and as a result the rivers thin out, and animals disappear. Neither gold nor money will replace a strategically important product such as water, causing food scarcity and the destruction of all living things. Behind all these processes is mindless human activity. When there is total pollution of the environment, there is no reasonable treatment of nature (when forests are cut down masse) and, as a result, we live in a state of sinfulness, without giving thanks for every breath of air and grain of bread, and everything around us becomes indifferent and disfigured. New types of weapons have as a consequence the destruction of strategically important objects of Ukraine and of states that have already experienced wars and military conflicts and upheavals. Also, the "golden billion" plan should be considered to reduce the population on the planet, which reached 8 billion people. In such a situation, peace, the peace-making position of the leaders of the states, and the desire to end the bloodshed are of paramount importance, considering that any war is crowned by negotiations and peaceful processes of consideration of shortcomings and wishes, as well as changes for the better. Only individuals with a high level of thinking who are capable of agreements, namely the development of reasonable state policies, can change a lot on this canvas.

Criminological components of visualization, description, explanation and improvement of interdisciplinary, administrative, and criminal modes and attributes of legal matter may and should find their embodiment in the following legal and epistemological foundations:

1. The unity of legal matter, named in general jurisprudence as the legal system, means, first of all, methodological holism, that is, integrity in the perception of all manifestations of life activity, sociality, in which the basis is the spirit, or thought and heart. A legal entity is a person. A person in law is a person to the extent that in law (in a positive sense), a spiritual-thinking, not rational, but reasonable, intelligible foundation is reflected. This means the doctrinal and normative recognition, not of the divine origin of the state, but of God as such and his all-embracing totality (according to the Preamble to the Constitution of Ukraine "The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, on behalf of the Ukrainian people... being aware of its responsibility before God...adopts this Constitution..."). God is a legal category fundamental to Ukrainian statehood and social order, and hence the indivisibility of the private and the public. Everything private is public and everything public is private. All branches of law are products of logical and rational activity, and therefore intellectually artificial formations that are built according to the laws of social constructivism. The degree of adequacy of the latter depends on the preservation of the integrity of the legal system and its spiritual and value principles. Therefore, administrative and criminal law are interrelated and mutually determined.

2. Both administrative and criminal law are the essence of the linguistic and textual definition of human freedom, arising from the negation of anti-freedom. Freedom is love and self-sacrifice. Manifestations of the latter are epistemological guidelines for the administrative and criminal legal prohibitions. The social conditionality of the administrative- and criminal-legal prohibitions and prescriptions should be based on the idea of social good and on the attitude to freedom. Therefore, the object of a criminal and administrative offense should be social goods, not social relations or abstract legal orders. This prompts a scientific revision of the legislative list of administrative and criminal offenses.

3. After all, administrative- and criminal-legal mechanisms and means of combating crime (including corruption in particular) are fragments of criminological strategy and tactics. Therefore, in terms of countering the reproduction of criminal practices, administrative and criminal law are separate and parity forms of criminological policy implementation. This is another manifestation of the functional affinity of the studied branches of law, which in terms of positivism may be considered as parts of criminological legislation.

Each of the proposed legal and epistemological foundations of integrative research and development of the administrative and criminal law represents a promising direction for further scientific research and may be considered as an invitation to a discussion.

Notes

¹ S. O. Kozhushko, Combating Crime in the Defense and Industrial Complex of Ukraine: A Monograph, ed. O. M. Litvinov (Kharkiv, Criminological Association of Ukraine: 2022).

² Kozhushko, Combating Crime", 72-73.

³ Serhii Ablamskyi, Hennadii Hlobenko, Ruslan Chycha, Olena Martovytska, and Iryna Burlaka, "Ensuring Protection of the Rights of the Aggrieved Person in Criminal Proceedings through the Prism of Requirements of International Law Acts," Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues 23, Special Issue (2020): 1-7. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Ensuring-protection-of-the-rights-of-the-aggrieved-person-1544-0044-25-SI-540.pdf

⁴ The Economist, "A Food isaster is Coming," The Economist, May 20, 2022, https://mis.dp.ua/news-ua/nablyzhayetsya-prodovolcha-katastrofa-the-economist/

⁵ J. I. Korol, Y. M. Lisnichenko, and G. V Boiko, "Problematic Issues of Water Supply of Land Forces Units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in Field Conditions," Collection of Scientific Works of the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Series: Military and Technical Sciences 3 (2019): 377.

⁶ A. Kotlyarenko, "Military Police - Subject of Law and Order Implementation Function of State," Bulletin of the National Academy of the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine 1 (2013): 116.

⁷ Kotlyarenko, "Military Police," 120.

⁸ V P. Vaskovskaya, "Human Rights to Safety and Constitutional Legal Mechanism of its Maintenance" (PhD. diss., Institute of Legislation of the Supreme Rada of Ukraine, 2006), 109.

⁹ M. I. Melnyk and M. I. Khavroniuk, Law Enforcement Agencies and Law Enforcement Activities: A Training Manual (Kiev: Atika, 2002), 120.

¹⁰ I. S. Borshosh, "Functions of the Regional State Administration as a Subject of Ensuring Legality and Law and Order in the Region," Pravo.ua 2 (2018): 29.

¹¹ Yu. F Kravchenko, "Freedom as a Principle of a Democratic Legal State" (Monograph, Kharkiv, 2003).

¹² Borshosh, "Functions," 29.

¹³ Law of Ukraine "On the National Guard of Ukraine", March 13, 2014, N° 876-VII. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/876-18

¹⁴ V. I. Tkachenko, Ye. B. Smirnov, and G. A. Drobakha, "The Theory of Decision-making by Military Administration Bodies" (Monograph, Kharkiv: HUPS, 2008).
I. I. Lipatov et al., Combat Documents of Moral and Psychological Support for the Performance of Service and Combat Tasks by the Forces of the National Guard of Ukraine: A Training Manual (Kharkiv: NANGU Publishing House, 2019).

¹⁵ I. I. Lipatov et al., Moral and Psychological Support of Actions of Formations of the National Guard of Ukraine: A Training Manual. (Kharkiv: NANGU Publishing House, 2017).

¹⁶ N. Belikova, S. Indyka, A. Tsyos, and L. Vashchuk, "Quality of Life of the Population Affected by Military Actions," Physical Education, Sports, and Culture of Health in Modern Society: Collection of Abstracts of Reports, VI International Scientific-Practical. Internet Conference (June 23, 2022), https://conferences.vnu.edu.ua/public/conferences/21/schedConfs/21/accommodation-0.pdf

¹⁷ O. G. Saienko, and P. V. Shatsilo, "Institutional Management Organizational Component of Object Military Sphere in Conditions Information Warfare," Collection of Scientific Works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University 74 (2022): 106, https://doi.org/10.17721/2519-481X/2022/74-11.

¹⁸ O. Rogach, and D. Belov, "Changing the Modern Paradigm of Ukrainian Law in the Face of Military Aggression by the Russian Federation," Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 70 (2022): 136-140, https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.70.19

References

Ablamskyi, Serhii, Hennadii Hlobenko, Ruslan Chycha, Olena Martovytska, and Iryna Burlaka. "Ensuring Protection of the Rights of the Aggrieved Person in Criminal Proceedings through the Prism of Requirements of International Law Acts." Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues 23, Special Issue (2020): 1-7. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Ensuring-protection-of-the-rights-of-the-aggrieved-person-1544-0044-25-SI-540.pdf

Belikova, N., S. Indyka, A. Tsyos, and L. Vashchuk. "Quality of Life of the Population Affected by Military Actions". Physical Education, Sports, and Culture of Health in Modern society: Collection of Abstracts of Reports. VI International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference. (June 23, 2022). https://conferences.vnu.edu.ua/public/conferences/21/schedConfs/21/accommodation-0.pdf

Borshosh, I. S. "Functions of the Regional State Administration as a Subject of Ensuring Legality and Law and Order in the Region." Pravo.ua 2 (2018): 27-32.

Korol J. I., Y.M. Lisnichenko, and G.V. Boiko. "Problematic Issues of Water Supply of Land Forces Units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in Field Conditions." Collection of Scientific Works of the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Series: Military and technical Sciences 3 (2019): 376-390.

Kotlyarenko, A. "Military Police - Subject of Law and Order Implementation Function of State." Bulletin of the National Academy of the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine 1 (2013): 116-121.

Kozhushko, S. O. "Combating Crime in the Defense and Industrial Complex of Ukraine." Monograph, ed. by O. M. Litvinov, Kharkiv, Criminological Association of Ukraine, 2022.

Kravchenko, Yu. F. "Freedom as a Principle of a Democratic Legal State." Monograph, Kharkiv, 2003.

Law of Ukraine "About the National Guard of Ukraine" of March 13, 2014, No. 876-VII. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/876-18

Lipatov, I. I., V. I. Pasichnyk, S.L. Lipatova, and I.M. Tovma. Moral and Psychological Support of Actions of Formations of the National Guard of Ukraine: A Training Manual. Kharkiv: NANGU Publishing House, 2017.

Lipatov, I. I., V.I. Pasichnyk, M.I. Tovma, I.I. Prykhodko. Combat Documents of Moral and Psychological Support for the Performance of Service and Combat Tasks by the Forces of the National Guard of Ukraine: A Training Manual. Kharkiv: NANGU Publishing House, 2019.

Melnyk, M. I., and M.I. Khavroniuk. Law Enforcement Agencies and Law Enforcement Activities: A Training Manual. K.: Atika, 2002.

Rogach, O. and D. Belov. "Changing the Modern Paradigm of Ukrainian Law in the Face of Military Aggression by the Russian Federation." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 70 (2022): 136-140. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.70.19

Saienko, O. G. and P. V. Shatsilo. "Institutional Management Organizational Component of Object Military Sphere in Conditions Information Warfare.". Collection of Scientific Works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University 74 (2022): 106-114. https://doi.org/10.17721/2519-481X/2022/74-11

The Economist. "A Food Disaster is Coming." The Economist, May 20, 2022. https://mis.dp.ua/news-ua/nablyzhayetsya-prodovolcha-katastrofa-the-economist/

Tkachenko, V. I., Ye. B. Smirnov, and G.A. Drobakha. "The Theory of Decision-Making by Military Administration Bodies." Monograph, Kharkiv: HUPS, 2008.

Vaskovskaya, V. P. "Human Rights to Safety and Constitutional Legal Mechanism of its Maintenance." PhD. diss., Institute of legislation of the Supreme Rada of Ukraine, 2006.

Home